Thursday, September 3, 2020

Strong Acid Definition and Examples

Solid Acid Definition and Examples A solid corrosive is a corrosive that is totally separated or ionized in a watery arrangement. It is a compound animal categories with a high ability to lose a proton, H. In water, a solid corrosive loses one proton, which is caught by water to shape the hydronium particle: HA(aq) H2O â†' H3O(aq) Aâˆ'(aq) Diprotic and polyprotic acids may lose more than one proton, yet the solid corrosive pKa worth and response just alludes to the loss of the main proton. Solid acids have a little logarithmic consistent (pKa) and an enormous corrosive separation steady (Ka). Most solid acids are destructive, yet a portion of the superacids are not destructive. Interestingly, a portion of the powerless acids (e.g., hydrofluoric corrosive) might be profoundly destructive. Note: As corrosive focus builds, the capacity to separate reduces. Under typical conditions in water, solid acids separate totally, however amazingly thought arrangements don't. Instances of Strong Acids While there are numerous feeble acids, there are scarcely any solid acids. The normal solid acids include: HCl (hydrochloric acid)H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)HNO3 (nitric acid)HBr (hydrobromic acid)HClO4 (perchloric acid)HI (hydroiodic acid)p-toluenesulfonic corrosive (a natural dissolvable solid acid)methanesulfonic corrosive (a fluid natural solid corrosive) The accompanying acids separate totally in water, so they are frequently viewed as solid acids, despite the fact that they are not more acidic than the hydronium particle, H3O. HNO3 (nitric acid)HClO3 (chloric corrosive) A few scientific experts consider the hydronium particle, bromic corrosive, intermittent corrosive, perbromic corrosive, and occasional corrosive to be solid acids. In the event that the capacity to give protons is utilized as the essential model for corrosive quality, at that point the solid acids (from most grounded to most fragile) would be: H[SbF6] (fluoroantimonic acid)FSO3HSbF5 (magic acid)H(CHB11Cl11) (carborane superacid)FSO3H (fluorosulfuric acid)CF3SO3H (triflic corrosive) These are the superacids, which are characterized as acids that are more acidic than 100% sulfuric corrosive. The superacids for all time protonate water. Variables That Determine Acid Strength You might be asking why the solid acids separate so well, or why certain frail acids don't totally ionize. A couple of elements become possibly the most important factor: nuclear sweep - As the nuclear span increments does as well, corrosiveness. For instance, HI is a more grounded corrosive than HCl (iodine is a bigger particle than chlorine).electronegativity - The more electronegative a conjugate base in a similar time of the occasional table is (A-), the more acidic it is.electrical charge - The more positive the charge on an iota, the higher its acridity. At the end of the day, its simpler to take a proton from a nonpartisan animal varieties than from one with a negative charge.equilibrium - When a corrosive separates, harmony is reached with its conjugate base. On account of solid acids, the balance unequivocally favors the item or is to one side of a substance condition. The conjugate base of a solid corrosive is a lot more vulnerable than water as a base.solvent - In many applications, solid acids are talked about corresponding to water as a dissolvable. In any case, corrosiveness and basicity have significance in nonaqueous dissolvable. For i nstance, in fluid smelling salts, acidic corrosive ionizes totally and might be viewed as a solid corrosive, despite the fact that it is a powerless corrosive in water.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Legacy to Education Essay

The way of thinking of getting the hang of, driving and serving is an efficient way to deal with giving an instructive encounter that is formative and individualized. To instruct is to learn, to lead and to serve, associates, understudies, the network and to impact the world we live in with what we have realized. The way of thinking of a student is to have an educational information that is formative and individualized. A student with experiential, life-focused and an applicable learning instructive experience will push toward self-coordinated learning. I will affect Learner’s lives with instruction that is esteemed as an asset where learning is driven, first by inner inspirations as opposed to outside helpers. (Western Michigan University Department of Therapy 1995) I will affect students by utilizing the craft of instructing. With my aptitudes obtained by my experience and study and the study of my occupation, I will affect their learning encounter and quicken their capacities to its most elevated potential. I will be associated with my accentuations on making an air for picking up, bringing qualified information through introduction and advancement, of the highest caliber, including unpredicted occasions into the exercises. Students will recall me as an instructor, and a craftsman who’s vehicle of articulation is unconstrained, unusual, unrehearsed, and a God made encounter of learning among educator and understudy. (Parkay and Stanford) The inheritance I bring to students in the field of training accepts that all understudies can learn in a viable and community oriented way that will augment my scholarly aptitudes, just as my student’s learning and capacity to accomplish. (COE Conceptual Framework) I will lead in the field of instruction by serving understudies, peers, and general society with determination and engaging a different worldwide network in the act of learning and accomplishing their most noteworthy natural level, to accomplish the most elevated qualities throughout everyday life, that they may thusly, impact their moving world with positive commitments. (GCU COE) I will lead by instructing students to create basic intuition abilities, to build up a social emotionally supportive network for learning, and to have the option to take advantage of their most usable learning styles and to create long lasting learning aptitudes. (Knowles, M. Holton, E. and Swanson R. 1998) I will lead in differing instructive settings and apply the hypotheses and ideas learned in my program of study, to address the issues of students PK-twelfth grade. (COE Learner objective #6) My inheritance and will in the field of training is to present with my God-Given gifts in a positive, purposed and energetic way that will ingrain an incentive to the calling of instructing, that will be recalled by my understudies, associates and network as somebody who had any kind of effect in the lives of those I contacted. I will have any kind of effect in those lives while serving by showing the most noteworthy expert air, exhibiting the craft of instructing and the study of instructing that sway the instructive network just as my own proficient development and improvement. (COE Conceptual Framework) I will serve utilizing instructing abilities that mirror the HQT necessities of the state and Higher Education Learning Institution and my best proficient advancement aptitudes. (COE) The heritage I will leave with my understudies is bestowed information on basic reasoning aptitudes, investigative and assessing abilities, basic instincts, that will live on and give from age to age. My heritage is a blessing that will continue giving, long after the vocation is finished, learning and training will go on. I will leave a heritage of the energy to learn, to share to develop and flourish and to be a resource for the network. I leave a heritage of having faith in myself, and putting stock in my understudies, and moving them to get done with, finishing what they have begun and I have begun inside them. I leave the Legacy that they will recall that the destiny of our reality and humankind is in their grasp, so learn and educate and instruct and learn, from the support to the grave. (Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSO Teacher of the year 2008) REFERENCES School of Education Conceptual Framework School of Educational Conceptual Framework (Learner objective #6) Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSOS Teacher of year 2008) Western Michigan University (Department of Occupational Therapy 1995) Knowles, Malcolm, Holton, Elwood and Swann, Richard. (1998 The Adult Learner and Human Resource Development) Forrest Parkay and Beverly Hardcastle Stanford, (Becoming a Teacher)

Friday, August 21, 2020

Differences Between Daisy and Brett Essay

Contrasts among Daisy and Brett I. Presentation Thesis: Daisy and Brett vary in similarity, character, and way of life. II. Body A. Daisy 1. Similarity 2. Character 3. Way of life B. Brett 1. Similarity 2. Character 3. Way of life III. End Differences among Daisy and Brett In the two books, â€Å"The Great Gatsby† and â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† the contrasts between the two significant female characters are extraordinarily clear. Daisy, who is a significant female character in â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† and Brett, who is a significant female character in â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† assumes significant jobs in giving evident subjects to the two books. They do as such with various procedures and convictions. Daisy and Brett contrast in congruity, character, and way of life. Daisy is a wonderful young lady who is hitched to Tom Buchanan. She is required to resemble other legitimate ladies of that time; consequently, she is. She isn't free and depends on her significant other Tom for everything. In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† Daisy can not settle on her better half Tom and her past sweetheart Gatsby. In section seven it states, â€Å"As Tom left the room again Daisy got up and headed toward Gatsby, and pulled his face down kissing him on the mouth. † She then mumbled, â€Å"You realize I love you. † This shows she doesn't have her very own character and that she can not settle on choices alone. In section one, Miss Baker states, â€Å"We should design something. † Daisy at that point answers, â€Å"All right, what will we plan? † She at that point went to Nick, the storyteller, weakly and asked, â€Å"What do individuals plan? † She carries on with an extravagant way of life with her well off spouse and she gets all that she needs. In part one Nick states, â€Å"Their house was considerably progressively expound that I expected, a bright red and white Georgian Colonial chateau ignoring the narrows. † Money is the wellspring of her satisfaction as she states, â€Å"I’m p-deadened with joy. † In â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† Brett is a very appealing young lady. In the book Jake, the storyteller, states, â€Å"With them was Brett. She looked stunning. † Also, Brett doesn't give in effectively to similarity as most ladies of that time. She wants to drink in huge interims as did the vast majority of the individuals during the timeframe the story occurred. A passage in part seven states, â€Å"Let’s appreciate somewhat more of this,† Brett pushed her glass forward. At that point Mrs. Barnes states, â€Å"She is the main woman I have referred to who was as enchanting when she was tanked as when she was calm. † Brett is exceptionally autonomous and doesn't depend on a solitary man for anything. She settles on her own choices and takes care of herself regular. Brett’s way of life is a long way from flawless in light of the fact that she doesn't generally claim any belongings, however she is upbeat. Different females at times view her as a prostitute or whore exclusively in light of the fact that she is unique, however she picks the way of life she lives and adores it. To demonstrate this point genuine Jake states, â€Å"Brett was brilliant. She was cheerful. The sun was out and the day was brilliant. † The contrasts among Daisy and Brett are exceptionally obvious to the peruser. They are nearly as direct inverses whenever broke down intently. Daisy and Brett have particularly various perspectives on congruity, various sorts of characters, and two very surprising ways of life.

Tuesday, June 9, 2020

Is Free Trade Fair Trade Research Paper - 1650 Words

Is Free Trade Fair Trade? (Research Paper Sample) Content: WritingIs Free Trade Fair Trade?Customers NameCustomers Grade CourseCustomer tutors Name Abstract From the history of the world, there has ever been the need of having the entire globe engaged in forms of trade which have the ability of increasing their performance and operations thus improving their development in terms of economy. This had been suggested in form of a free and fair trade which was aimed at ensuring that all nations would engage in useful business and trade operations. However, there have been divergent views with the issue as majority of the people do argue that the present free and fair trade operations have never in the least been fair. This paper gives a succinct discussion and analysis on how such trade has not at all been any fair. IntroductionMany nations have always been agitating for free and fair trade. Free and fair have been two words which have been used together more often than not. For instance, people have always been talking about fa ir and free elections. While free and fair trade has been used together, they have been seen to have varied meaning. The very loose of alliance with the anti-globalization and very protesters of fair-trade have been arguing for new measures since there is so much uncertainty with the so-called fair trade (Henry Stiglitz, 2007). To most of these protesters, the issues of free trade have been nothing else but a mere conspiracy in which the rich nations have been getting richer in which the poor nations have been on the expense, and have continued to become poorer and poorer. For instance, the World Trade Organization has been as an organization which has been setting strict rules which do not really favor all nations in the name of a global fair trade.Is Free Trade Fair Trade?From the history of nations, there was the need of having a free trade in which all the nations across the world were about to benefit in the greatest. In that case, the need was in coming up with proper measure s which would see different means and modes of engagement thus cutting off all the barriers which had been facing the earlier trade functions. So as to have free trade, the tariffs, subsidies, and taxes had to be eliminated thus making it possible to have different nations engaging in such kind of trade (Henry Stiglitz, 2007). However, it has been proved beyond a shadow of doubts that the new form of engagement with this free trade has never been free at all due to the double standards which have always been put in place. While the world trade organization has been having the role in promoting such a free trade, different measures put in place by different developed nations have continued to make this form of trade unfair.There has been an increase in protesters who are after making sure that this issue of unfair global trade has been addressed. With historical developments, the developed nations have been greatly taking unnecessary advantage with the free and fair trade in which t hey have been utilizing a number of internal subsidies which protect their own people and at the same time exploit the undeveloped nations. In the so called free trade world, the current protesters have always claiming that this fair trade has been nothing better but a plot which has been aimed in developing the world having natural resources while wrecking the environment. On the contrast, a number of liners and laissez-faire ideals and thinkers have been against the free trade.Basically, the international fair trade is a form of trade which has no interference from any form of tariffs, prices, subsidies, and controls which have no influence on the logistics and operations on the trade operations (Murray Raynolds, 2007). While having the free trade, the aim has been in coming up with a new prosperity. For the years the free trade has been in place, therein have been a number of problems which have been faced when trying to proof and judge whether this free trade has been fair. Lik e what socialism has been, it has led to very many problems in which the poor hardly ever been put into practice wholeheartedly; purists have to look back to Hong Kong in the 1960s for an countries have continued have continued to get oppressed (Henry Stiglitz, 2007). Different nations have come up with their own dictated subsidies which have been able to see them protected while still engaged in the free trade (Ransom, 2001). The other nations have not been given such protection in their trade operations, and therefore their engagement in the trade operations have not been giving them the necessary profits like their counterparts in the other nations. This has been one major reason why most of the third world nations have been keen in coming up with new measures and adoptions which can promote trade operations and make the global trade fair enough. Without addressing this big issue, it is something very true that the current engagement within the global free trade has not been fa ir they way it ought to be. Majority of the business and trade participants have been doing this in order to benefit as much as they can. When such people fail to achieve better profits for engaging in such business activities, it becomes something very damaging, and thus calling for newer approaches in which the trade has to be made much fair and effective for all (Murray Raynolds, 2007). For instance, about two-fifths of about all the entire budget for the European Union have been going ahead on subsidizing the farmers while putting the food producers in all parts of the globe at a very unfair and unwelcoming disadvantage (Ransom, 2001). On the other hand, the American farmers and others in the developed nations have been protected by the subsidies which have been regulated in their nations. This practice of subsidies have been comfortably protecting such individuals and thus failing to give the necessary similar addressing for the exporters from other nations. While the greatest concern in the global trade has been in making it very fair and ensuring all people have been able to benefit from it, that has not been achieved since majority of the players have failed to engage in a truly fair trade. When the globe has agreed to come up with a free and a fair trade, and some nations impose subsidies aimed in protecting their own people, it becomes something untoward since the system becomes compromised with no much gains expected to them. Basically, majority of the developed nations have not been making the trade fair as it has to be. This has seen the United States and other developed nations in the European continent totally protecting their people, and at the same time failing to protect the traders from the other nations. When people have been engaged in such trade operations, and the mechanisms do not protect them, it becomes very hard to agree that such a trade has been free (Murray Raynolds, 2007). The producers of fo...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Persuasive Essay On Overpopulation - 1535 Words

As humans developed from nomads to settlers, there was a desire to improve their lifestyle and living conditions. Having a family before and during this transitional period was not an easy task because of safety and lack of resources to support many people in a group. The scarcity of food and shelter was a daily challenge for nomads. Once people learned to farm and recycle resources in the same area, they were able to settle and maintain a large group of people. The benefits of stability and surplus of goods eventually led to a growing population. Now that humans thrive in a sedentary life, the threats that once affected early humans have returned. The environment and inhabitants of this planet are affected by consequences brought upon by†¦show more content†¦Empowered with knowledge and skills to protect themselves and make informed decisions, they can realize their full potential and contribute to economic and social transformation (Helping Young People par. 2). By underst anding the responsibility that comes with sex, people would be encouraged to view sex as an important partner decision and not just a fun activity. They would also see that their decisions to reproduce impacts not only their lives but everyone around them. Educating teenagers about sex would contribute to the decrease in population because they would be informed about the seriousness of deciding to become sexually active. The different views around the world on sex and the appropriate age to become sexually active would not be an inconvenience because the topic would be taught through a scientific approach. The people that are more likely to be uneducated about sex are lower class working people living in developing countries. There are teenagers that do not attend school, so they are not in an environment where sex education could be taught. Allowing for a large group of people around the world to live in a dated manner leads to overpopulation. According to a world population trend in 2012, â€Å"developing countries accounted for 97 percent of [population] growth because of the dual effects of high birth rates and young populations† (Haub par. 1). Emphasis on teaching surrounding societiesShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay on Overpopulation910 Words   |  4 Pagessame planet. I have had those thoughts several times and believe that overpopulation is one of the biggest problems in the world today. Overpopulation has become a major crisis in the twenty-first century and its detrimental affect on our living standards, environment, and much needed resources. The problem is not the number of people in this world, but the way people choose to live. The dilemmas created by overpopulation affect people of all races and social status. This is why we as the humanRead MorePersuasive Essay On Overpopulation1871 Words   |  8 PagesOverpopulation or Over Exaggeration? Overpopulation is progressively destroying our planet by exhausting our natural resources which leads to a higher cost of living and an increase in our carbon footprint. A person’s carbon footprint can be measured by the total amount of greenhouse gasses a person creates. This is calculated by the C02 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane) created directly and indirectly by means of transportation, energy usage, and resource consumption. We may not see the fullRead MorePersuasive Essay About Overpopulation1455 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation issue and ways to help solve it The big question is whether humanity is getting too big and, in the process, endangering the wellbeing of people, and our planet. Overpopulation is a real thing it’s happening right now in some parts of the world. Delay marriage, ending child marriages, and women empowerment might not seem like a lot, but it actually is. All these things can help the overpopulation problem we are facing today in certain parts of the world and in the future. If we allRead MorePersuasive Essay About Overpopulation1033 Words   |  5 Pageswould not be a significant growth in the number of people as birth rates and death rates are fairly balanced. The government should protect the environment from overpopulation through expansion in family planning because it would greatly reduce the number of unwanted children born and would keep the population stabilized. Overpopulation is defined as the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, impaired quality of life, or a population crash. The problemRead MorePersuasive Essay About Overpopulation968 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation is not a great thing. It is when there are more people than there are resources. It can be caused by an increase in the fertility rate, a decrease in mortality rate, more immigrants, or a depletion or limited amount of resources. In essence it means that if the amount of people is more than the amount of resources in the world then we will eventually stabilize because there will be more deaths. If there are too many people in the same habitat then the amount of resources and availabilityRead MoreC112 Theorist Critique Assignment1913 Words   |  8 PagesWar and why We’ll Keep Going to War Friedman National Strategies and Capabilities for a Changing World: Globalization and National Security Huntington The Clash of Civilizations Kaplan The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet Your paper must be typed and double-spaced; use Times New Roman 12-pitch font and one-inch margins. 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In his article, he argues that our first obligation is to ourselves and our posterity and that we would be foolish to let rich nations Read MoreUnforeseen Bonds: Hardins Rhetoric in Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor1950 Words   |  8 Pagesdrown for allowing the poor nation in will cost them. Being on a lifeboat is terrifying, but is especially terrifying when you see others stranded beside you who wish to be in the same position you are. Hardin neatly and cleverly camouflages the persuasive techniques he uses to convince his readers of if the poorer, or developing nations of the world, were held up to the same standard as those of the developed nations, everyone would fail. In his article, Singer contends that moral justice is associated

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Filipino Social Acceptance - 1784 Words

PEOPLE WHO SHARE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FILIPINO VALUES AND ITS STUDIES: Felipe Landa Jocano is a Professor Emeritus at the Asian Center of the University of the Philippines and Executive Director of PUNLAD Research House, Inc. He has authored numerous books on various aspects of Filipino Society and Culture. Frank Lynch is an anthropologist who came to the Philippines and study Filipino values and the acceptance of this in the society , founder of Frank Lynch university. Robert Hennig- B.S. Psychology, 1974, University of Wisconsin-Madison initiated the so called Social Psychophysiology Virgilio G. Enriquez- is known as the Father of Filipino Psychology Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino,†¦show more content†¦FRANK LYNCH compare the social acceptance of two countries ( Philippines and United States) but JOCANO came up with correctness to the comparison made by LYNCH stating that: UNITED STATES – social acceptance is also highly valued, through INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK in which to be socially accepted one’s member to church, lounge club, community fund drive and fraternities. PHILIPINES – social acceptance is highly valued, through INTERPERSONAL FRAMEWORK in which occurs to the closely knit nuclear family and its range of kinship, with this one’s are being impressed during childhood with who his relative was and the corresponding right and obligation towards them. And with the social acceptance comes to intermediate values according to LYNCH, (1) Smooth Interpersonal Relation (2) Pakikisama: Smooth Interpersonal Relation- is getting along with others so as to avoid outward signs and conflicts, with this one uses friendly smile gentle manner, agreeable and gracious attitude to be socially accepted. Pakikisama – folk concept of human relation and implies giving in or yielding to the wish of majority even if it contradict one’s own idea, actions such as napipilitan, joining others to compensate ones friend. 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European Americans have always considered themselves as a privilege group, therefore excluded from the discriminatory practice against other minorities. Mexicans, Filipinos, Blacks (African Americans) and Native Americans, were excluded from first class citizenship, and were and still are in some cases America’s victims of separatism. Americans of European descent fought to keep their status quo though eugenics, racialRead MoreChapter2: Review of Related Literature and Studies1861 Words   |  8 PagesThis chapter presents the literature and related studies which have direct bearing on this study. It also discusses t he values reflected in the proverbs and the proverb as a reflection of Filipino character, its function in the society, its nature and purpose, its stylistic peculiarity and its significance in Filipino culture. Folklore Prof. Damiana Eugenio (2002), a renowned Filipina folklorist, said that there is no universally accepted definition for the word â€Å"folklore†. 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Lastly about the society, social structure, culture, language, power and authority, and interests of the Philippines. The geography and past conflicts of the Philippines have drastically shaped the socio-culture of the Philippines. Being an archipelago of 7,107 islands, it has

3M Greptile Grip Golf Glove Video Case free essay sample

What are the characteristics of the target market for the 3M Greptile Grip golf glove? 3M wanted to target both avid and professional; golfers who want to improve their game. Due to 3M’s proprietary â€Å"micro replication† technology, which is â€Å"equivalent to using thousands of micro-replication fingers†, golfers will be able to have a better grip and increase swing distance as the glove reduces gripping friction and increases swing control. The primary target segment consists of the large U. S baby boomer population (those born in 1946-1964) and dual income couples. Majority of the baby boomers are either retired, thus having more disposable money set aside for recreational purposes, or have a stable income with more spending power. While dual income couples with no children, have more earning and spending power, with the majority wanting to live the high life, and are willing to pay a premium for it. This situation is similar in countries like Japan and Europe. Therefore, these potential consumers have enough money and time to spend on leisure activities like golf, making them a lucrative group to target. The global industry for golf and golf gloves is currently worth about $300 million and $160 million (respectively) in America. With the golf and golf glove industries flourishing, 3M decided to sell the Greptileâ„ ¢ golf glove through both public and private on- and off- course golf specialty shops and golf superstores. By doing so, 3M will be able to create awareness amongst potential golf players and consumers. Question 2: What are the key points of difference of the 3M Greptile Grip golf glove when compared with competitors’ products, such as Footjoy and Nike? Substitute products, such as golf grips? The technology that is implemented into the glove, called micro-replication, is the gripping together of thousands of tiny fingers. This helps to increase the friction of a user’s grip, allowing for a tighter grip with less force exerted by the user’s hand. Its competitors don’t have this patented micro-replication technology and instead rely on making the best of low-tech materials like leather or rubber, a decidedly unscientific approach to improving a key component of athletic performance. Compared to its competitors it boasts some of the following statistics: ? 260% increase in gripping friction in dry weather conditions 300% increase in gripping friction in wet weather conditions ? An average increase in driving range when used by 6. 8 yards. The glove and grip have such a superior gripping ability, that in professional play, the USGA determined the grip and glove were non-conforming. While it is possible to use the tape or glove separately under their ruling, it eliminates the entire purpose and function of the two. This however does not stop the average person from using it in a game of golf, so 3m is on no lesser footing than its competitors in this market via actual product. Question 3: How does the Greptile Grip golf glove meet 3M’s three criteria for new products? 3M’s three criteria for new products are: ? Be a patentable or trademarked technology ? Offer a superior value of proposition to consumers ? Change the basis of competition by achieving a significant point of difference 3M meets the three criteria as it is most definitely a trademarked technology. It was successful in its attempt to make a ‘point of difference’ so that it would not fail as a new product. The technology the golf glove offers with the micro-replication gripping material sets it apart from the competitors’ products. As explained earlier, the Greptile Grip golf glove offers a superior value to consumers as it improves the golfers’ game. It allows for a greater, more relaxed grip of the club, leading to longer driving distance of the golf ball. These characteristics of the golf glove allow for the company to meet the third criteria for new products by changing the basis of competition by achieving a significant point of difference with the new technology and the tape for the golf clubs that can be purchased with it. In the creation of the Greptile Grip golf glove, 3M used a seven-step process: ? Ideas ? Concept ? Feasibility ? Development ? Scale-up ? Launch ? Post-launch The seven-step process allowed for the company to create and introduce a product that was very carefully planned out. As learned in the textbook, if a company takes the sequence of steps, it will enhance the opportunity for their new product to succeed as they will have been able to work through any potential problems that could have arose after distribution into the market. In the case of 3M, they went through the extensive seven-step process, but still were faced with a problem once the product was available to customers. They were able to release the product, but then had to make adjustments and changes accordingly to the product design. Changes to the golf glove packaging were imperative after complaints that the text on it was hard to read and it looked bulked up on the shelf. They changed the packaging and its information so that it would be more appealing to the consumer and easier to read. They also changed the price points and sharpened the advertisement of the 3M Greptile Grip golf glove. As the 3M packaging engineer, Travis Strom said, â€Å"After all, you only have a few seconds to capture the customer’s attention with the package and make a sale. † So this is what 3M corrected in order to make its new product a success.

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Short Eyes Essay Example

Short Eyes Essay Short Eyes is set inside a prison, divided by feuds between the blacks (Ice, Omar, and El Raheem), the Puerto Ricans (Juan, Cupcakes, and Paco), and the lone â€Å"whitey† (Longshoe).   They are also bothered by the corrections officers (Mr. Nett and Mr. Brown).   Their whole world is turned upside-down when Clark Davis, a child molester, is assigned to their floor.   Suddenly, the warring groups have a united cause to fight against: Clark â€Å"short eyes† Davis. Pià ±ero spent time in Sing-sing, a maximum security prison.   He drew on his experiences there to create Short Eyes and this work is all the better for it.   It is a rich, real and raw story of prison life.   It shows that even drug-pushers, thieves, and murderers still have a code of ethics; they still have moral priorities, however skewed they may be. This play, first published in 1974 is more relevant today than it was when it came out.   The plague of child molestation is finally being addressed.   We have laws that make sex offenders register when they move into new neighborhoods.   We have media that is not afraid to publicize the crimes and trials of sex offenders.   We have shelters and counseling services for victims of sexual abuse.   There is one problem, though: we still have child molesters.   The image of a child molester has been transformed through the past quarter-century.   No longer are child molesters just the lonely, middle-class, white men.   Child molesters are women and men, black and white, married and unmarried, rich and poor.   Child molesters can be creepy, shadowy people lurking around playgrounds; child molesters can be moral, religious priests praying at an altar.   This story continues to shed light on the dark world of child molesters as this social disease continues to spread to epidemic proportions. Short Eyes takes a tough look at child molesters and the prison system.   It speaks to all ages, races and genders of people.   It has won many awards, most notably the New York Drama Critic’s Circle Award.   Most of all, Short Eyes is a brilliantly written play by a man Bob Holman called, â€Å"the Philosopher of the Criminal Mind.† We will write a custom essay sample on Short Eyes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Eyes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Eyes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is no broad great social reform message to Short Eyes; it simply portrays people as they are in extreme circumstances. Fundamentally this is a play about human relationships, which have been subjected to some of the most serious forms of prisonization. Because of this, we see many differing types of individuals inhabiting the prison. We see Omar, a perennial prisoner, doing his bid, being concerned about â€Å"getting on the help† so he can benefit from the extra cigarettes, or any other minor benefits that he can manage. We also see Murphy, the tough Irishman; he becomes tougher in order to survive a world of Puerto Ricans and blacks, where he controls the flow of drugs and homemade wine inside the prison. Clark Davis represents an emotionally disturbed man from an emotionally disturbed society. His death is the result of the rigidity of social values and morals in the prison world. Essentially, the morals that run throughout Short Eyes are the same as those of the outside world, but the prison setting has intensified them and their consequences. Prison it its own isolated society within the broader outside society. El Raheem represents a search for self through original religion. While he is not a Muslim or a Black Panther, he uses many of the same methods to educate himself and others to the natural state of the black man. Accordingly, his inability to kill reflects this aspect of his personality: it is not an act of cowardice, but a showing of humanity. Not surprisingly, reaction to the play and the subsequent film has been mixed. Some have claimed that it is not an appealing play because none of the characters can be identified with. However, this should not be how the play is viewed. Instead, the audience should recognize the humanity of the characters, in all their flaws and horrors, and accept that such people truly exist.

Monday, March 16, 2020

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists By Mark Nichol Before reading this post you might wanna check one we published a while ago titled 7 Rules For Formatting Lists. Heres a quotation from it: The items in unnumbered lists are often preceded by dots or other symbols known collectively as bullets, though such markers are technically not necessary, especially in a recipe or a materials list. (In those cases, it’s implicit that the ingredients or components are added or constructed in the order listed - it’s actually a numbered list that needs no numbers.) A bullet list lets you display a set of terms, phrases, or statements clearly. prevent reader fatigue or confusion in the form of a long run-in list in a sentence. avoid repetition by following an introductory phrase with â€Å"fill-in-the-blank† list items. Keep these guidelines for constructing bullet lists in mind: If each of the items in a bullet list completes a sentence begun with an introductory phrase, the first letter of the first word of each item should be lowercase, and the last word should be followed by terminal punctuation (a period, question mark, or exclamation point), as in the preceding bullet list. The format in the previous list, however, is not recommended for items consisting of less than a few words, unless listing multiple items as a run-in list in a sentence would produce a ponderously long sentence. If all list items are complete sentences, they should follow an introductory statement ending with a colon, as in this bullet list. If all list items are incomplete sentences, they can follow an open introductory phrase or one ending with a colon; in the latter case, the first letter of the first word in each item should be uppercase. The first letter of the first word of each complete sentence should be uppercase, and complete sentences should include terminal punctuation. All items in a list should have the same format a word a phrase, or a complete sentence and should follow the same grammatical structure. If every item in a list begins with the same word or phrase, try to incorporate the word or phrase into the introductory phrase or statement, then delete it from the list items. Avoid creating a bullet list in which one or more items consist of very long sentence or more than one sentence; if this is the case, it’s better to use traditional sentence form. A bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are single words should be formatted as follows: apples bananas cherries Likewise, a bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are short phrases should be formatted as follows: personal identification number automated teller machine liquid-crystal display The following elements are superfluous in a bullet list with an introductory phrase ending in a colon: A comma after each item A semicolon after each item The word and or or following a comma or semicolon in the penultimate item A period following the last item A bullet list preceded by an open-ended introductory phrase may but need not include a semicolon (not a comma) after each item; the word and or or following the semicolon in the penultimate item (optional); and a period following the last item. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Running Errands and Doing Chores

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists By Mark Nichol Before reading this post you might wanna check one we published a while ago titled 7 Rules For Formatting Lists. Heres a quotation from it: The items in unnumbered lists are often preceded by dots or other symbols known collectively as bullets, though such markers are technically not necessary, especially in a recipe or a materials list. (In those cases, it’s implicit that the ingredients or components are added or constructed in the order listed - it’s actually a numbered list that needs no numbers.) A bullet list lets you display a set of terms, phrases, or statements clearly. prevent reader fatigue or confusion in the form of a long run-in list in a sentence. avoid repetition by following an introductory phrase with â€Å"fill-in-the-blank† list items. Keep these guidelines for constructing bullet lists in mind: If each of the items in a bullet list completes a sentence begun with an introductory phrase, the first letter of the first word of each item should be lowercase, and the last word should be followed by terminal punctuation (a period, question mark, or exclamation point), as in the preceding bullet list. The format in the previous list, however, is not recommended for items consisting of less than a few words, unless listing multiple items as a run-in list in a sentence would produce a ponderously long sentence. If all list items are complete sentences, they should follow an introductory statement ending with a colon, as in this bullet list. If all list items are incomplete sentences, they can follow an open introductory phrase or one ending with a colon; in the latter case, the first letter of the first word in each item should be uppercase. The first letter of the first word of each complete sentence should be uppercase, and complete sentences should include terminal punctuation. All items in a list should have the same format a word a phrase, or a complete sentence and should follow the same grammatical structure. If every item in a list begins with the same word or phrase, try to incorporate the word or phrase into the introductory phrase or statement, then delete it from the list items. Avoid creating a bullet list in which one or more items consist of very long sentence or more than one sentence; if this is the case, it’s better to use traditional sentence form. A bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are single words should be formatted as follows: apples bananas cherries Likewise, a bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are short phrases should be formatted as follows: personal identification number automated teller machine liquid-crystal display The following elements are superfluous in a bullet list with an introductory phrase ending in a colon: A comma after each item A semicolon after each item The word and or or following a comma or semicolon in the penultimate item A period following the last item A bullet list preceded by an open-ended introductory phrase may but need not include a semicolon (not a comma) after each item; the word and or or following the semicolon in the penultimate item (optional); and a period following the last item. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Running Errands and Doing Chores

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists

A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists A Few Rounds About Bullet Lists By Mark Nichol Before reading this post you might wanna check one we published a while ago titled 7 Rules For Formatting Lists. Heres a quotation from it: The items in unnumbered lists are often preceded by dots or other symbols known collectively as bullets, though such markers are technically not necessary, especially in a recipe or a materials list. (In those cases, it’s implicit that the ingredients or components are added or constructed in the order listed - it’s actually a numbered list that needs no numbers.) A bullet list lets you display a set of terms, phrases, or statements clearly. prevent reader fatigue or confusion in the form of a long run-in list in a sentence. avoid repetition by following an introductory phrase with â€Å"fill-in-the-blank† list items. Keep these guidelines for constructing bullet lists in mind: If each of the items in a bullet list completes a sentence begun with an introductory phrase, the first letter of the first word of each item should be lowercase, and the last word should be followed by terminal punctuation (a period, question mark, or exclamation point), as in the preceding bullet list. The format in the previous list, however, is not recommended for items consisting of less than a few words, unless listing multiple items as a run-in list in a sentence would produce a ponderously long sentence. If all list items are complete sentences, they should follow an introductory statement ending with a colon, as in this bullet list. If all list items are incomplete sentences, they can follow an open introductory phrase or one ending with a colon; in the latter case, the first letter of the first word in each item should be uppercase. The first letter of the first word of each complete sentence should be uppercase, and complete sentences should include terminal punctuation. All items in a list should have the same format a word a phrase, or a complete sentence and should follow the same grammatical structure. If every item in a list begins with the same word or phrase, try to incorporate the word or phrase into the introductory phrase or statement, then delete it from the list items. Avoid creating a bullet list in which one or more items consist of very long sentence or more than one sentence; if this is the case, it’s better to use traditional sentence form. A bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are single words should be formatted as follows: apples bananas cherries Likewise, a bullet list with a closed introductory phrase and whose items are short phrases should be formatted as follows: personal identification number automated teller machine liquid-crystal display The following elements are superfluous in a bullet list with an introductory phrase ending in a colon: A comma after each item A semicolon after each item The word and or or following a comma or semicolon in the penultimate item A period following the last item A bullet list preceded by an open-ended introductory phrase may but need not include a semicolon (not a comma) after each item; the word and or or following the semicolon in the penultimate item (optional); and a period following the last item. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Running Errands and Doing Chores

Friday, February 28, 2020

Increasing profitiability in a company using the 6 steps of decision Case Study

Increasing profitiability in a company using the 6 steps of decision making - Case Study Example There are several strategies that can be implemented in order to compete with the lower prices and varied selection that these competitors provide. These include lowering our prices to match those of our competitors and if possible, even go lower than them. We can also consider the option of also stocking other clothes in addition to womens clothes, like our competitors. We can also use the fact that we are smaller as compared to our competitors to our advantage by offering our customers personalized service, making sure that our staff are proficient in their departments, and offering unique and latest trends of women’s clothing. Another way we can become more competitive is by providing incentives to customers, and also creating value for our products. We need to carefully analyze these alternatives in order to decide which ones are more practical in our case for implementation. Although adjusting our prices lower to match those of our competitors is the first action that comes to mind, it would be detrimental to do so. Larger stores have the advantage of buying products in bulk and thus at a lesser price as compared to us. Because they have a wider selection of products, the cost of running their stores is also widely spread. They are thus able to sell their products at even lower prices. Being smaller chain stores, we would incur big losses if we were to reduce our prices to match those of our competitors. There is therefore no way we can compete on price. Another solution would be to add variety to our store by stocking other clothes other than just women’s clothing. Like our competitors, we could also include men’s and childrens clothing and also other items such as shoes and accessories. Due to our smaller size, we would have to invest in expanding our stores in order to venture into other products. This is currently not possible and as such, this alternative is not practical. However, we

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

The Responsibilities of Nurse managers Assignment

The Responsibilities of Nurse managers - Assignment Example Nurse empowerment also minimizes chances of employee burnout, being strained by work and, experiencing feelings of frustration and failure. Empowered nurses are not only motivated but also motivate other healthcare professionals by sharing the power tools and nurse managers should encourage this. Nurse empowerment can be used to build respect and trust in the workplace. The enhanced workplace aspects positively influence the behaviors and attitudes of nurses to a great extent because empowering workplaces increase feelings of organizational respect, justice and trust in management. This also encourages positive relationships with superiors, subordinates and peers within the workplace leading to the establishment of effective alliances. Nurse managers should, therefore, ensure the administration organizational justice through fair organizational processes and making of rational decisions, interpersonal justice through treatment of individuals with respect and dignity and, informationa l justice through the provision of quality and timely information. Nurse empowerment also increases autonomy among nurses which encourages them to bring out their special talents and apply them to improve the ways of accomplishing tasks in the workplace. Nurse managers should encourage and allow the expression of talents among nurses. Evaluation of staff retention tactics Good pay is a nice staff retention tactic. However, employees are not just concerned with salary. Instead, they seek for continual career advancement and learning opportunities. Nurse managers should, therefore, focus on paths to nurse advancement by understanding what is important for them in terms of their professional lives, and help them design their work and learning around that. They should also develop clear career paths for each nurse and help them set career goals frequently. Organizational credibility, employee treatment and work conditions are also very critical. Nurse managers should, therefore, ensure the provision of good work conditions, treat nurses as individuals, and advocate for the fulfillment of organizational pledges to employees. The ability to adjust to an organization is important thus nurse managers should ensure a smooth on board experience to assist new nurses adjust to the organization and become productive more quickly. Judgment of the importance of communication Effective and sufficient communication in nursing is important. It facilitates timely two way delivery of information between nurses, their superiors, patients and co-workers. It also allows nurses to obtain information from the patients, give them information and act as an effective liaison between the patient and the doctor. Nurse managers should, therefore, ensure the development of and assess communication skills among all nurses to ensure nurses are competent in giving and receiving information. This encompasses spoken language, proximity, eye-contact and therapeutic relationship and spatial awarene ss. Nurse managers should also note the things that can cause communication breakdown and plan to counter them, for example improper shift change among nurses, lack of trust, and conflict among nurses among others. They should also create an environment of confidence. Comparing challenges in the management of generational issues Today’

Friday, January 31, 2020

Ethnography report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethnography report - Essay Example The first challenge that I had to face in order to complete my task was to find the appropriate location where I could conduct my research. It had to be the kind of place where I could get in touch with people from different ethnicities in a setting that they are used to, a place they frequented most. Attending Queens College has been greatly helpful in my quest, as it had all that I wanted. Here, I chose the International Community Students Club, recognized for the Students Exchange Programs it conducts. I wanted to study its purpose and the kind of support it provides for its members. Since I am an immigrant myself, I was comfortable with the idea of researching a club that dealt with international students, and it gave me an opportunity to get as close as I can to people with different cultures, in a setting that I desired. Before I go any further, I would like to share my personal perceptions about clubs. Clubs, societies and support groups are a great way for like-minded people to come together in order to pursue a common goal. The whole idea of doing something you like with many others who share the same feelings is very appealing. As Klein puts it, "What better way to stay connected, active and focused than to unwind with peers who enjoy fun and common interests?" The club I chose for my report is unique, in a way different to most other clubs. It is truly a â€Å"melting pot† of sorts, representing different countries, philosophies, customs, cultures and much more, where people simply bond with and support each another. They have a lot in common, starting from the fact that they are all strangers in a new country. It is my personal belief that exchange students and children of immigrants strive harder than the native students do, in order to achieve even more. They are more self-driven, determined to achieve goal(s) set and expected by their peers, and desire to make everyone in their native country proud. They wish to please everyone in their co mmunity, their parents and relatives. These students try to be exceptional in academics and have a commitment towards fulfilling the obligations they have towards others and themselves. Their financial backgrounds also play a pivotal role in shaping their behavior and objectives. The high cost of living and studying in foreign countries often molds the mind-set and lifestyle of students and their parents. For immigrant students, financial hardships can be laborious and stressful in all aspects of their lives, and they turn towards loans, scholarships and sponsors. â€Å"A number of students have merely toned down spending habits that had been fed by boom times back home† (Archibold). This has put these students in a precarious predicament. This, to a great extent, explains the urge that always lurks in their minds to achieve their goals. My earlier experience with another student’s club (the Caribbean Student Club) had been a very beneficial one. I bonded with others w ith whom it was easier for me to relate to. The notion that we are all in this together gave me a certain comfort. Each club has a purpose, and serves a special function for the welfare of its members at large. My endeavor is to find out if this is a reasonable statement and if the Queens College International Community Students Club is true to its value. Commentary # 1 The reason for the existence of a club is to provide a connection, making a network of people with similar motives. The purpose of this excerpt is to explain just that. Soon after a class discussion at noon, on Thursday, March 24 (12:25 pm to be precise), I headed over to the office of the

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Critique of Kohlberg’s Claim of Cultural Moral Universality Essay

Critique of Kohlberg’s Claim of Cultural Moral Universality    Introduction As the American Heritage Dictionary plainly states, morality is "a system of ideas of right and wrong conduct" (American Heritage Dictionary 2000). People have been researching the development of this sense of morality for centuries. There is great debate over how a person’s morality is formed and then how to categorize one person’s level of morality compared to others. Most researchers believe that people reach different stages of morality within their lifetimes. The tougher issue is determining what comprises the various stages of morality, which is dependent on what a person’s ideas of right or wrong are to begin with. Therefore in order to establish a set of moral stages, one must clarify what exactly is thought of as right or wrong to a group of people. It has been stated that a person’s sense of morality deals with how he should act as a person, as opposed to acting on the basis of his race, ethnicity or religion. This statement therefore implies that all people should have the same set of morals. People should be concerned with how they should act as people in general and not let other aspects of who they are influence their sense of morality. But in the end this belief has been proven to be false. Different people across the world have contrasting moral reactions, natural responses and thoughts to moral dilemmas. (Fleischacker, 1994, p.8) All people worldwide go through the process of moral reasoning, which has been defined as "a cognitive process by which individuals make decisions about moral issues and justify these decisions, regardless of the context of the issue" (Gardiner, 1998, p.176). But not all of these people come to the s... ...d Corinne Kosmitzki. Lives Across Cultures: Cross-Cultural Human Development. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. Kagan, Jerome. The Emergence of Morality in Young Children. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987. Kohlberg, Lawrence. "Moral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach." Moral Development and Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976. Kohlberg, Lawrence. The Philosophy of Moral Development. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1981. Kohlberg, Lawrence. The Psychology of Moral Development. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1984. Lei, Ting. "Being and Becoming Moral in a Chinese Culture: Unique or Universal?" Cross-Cultural Research, Feb94, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p58. Roopnarine, Jaipaul L. and D. Bruce Carter. Parent-Child Socialization in Diverse Cultures. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1992.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Chapter 3 The Knight Bus

Harry was several streets away before he collapsed onto a low wall in Magnolia Crescent, panting from the effort of dragging his trunk. He sat quite still, anger still surging through him, listening to the frantic thumping of his heart. But after ten minutes alone in the dark street, a new emotion overtook him: panic. Whichever way he looked at it, he had never been in a worse fix. He was stranded, quite alone, in the dark Muggle world, with absolutely nowhere to go. And the worst of it was, he had just done serious magic, which meant that he was almost certainly expelled from Hogwarts. He had broken the Decree for the Restriction of Underage Wizardry so badly, he was surprised Ministry of Magic representatives weren't swooping down on him where he sat. Harry shivered and looked up and down Magnolia Crescent. What, was going to happen to him? Would he be arrested, or would he simply be outlawed from the wizarding world? He thought of Ron and Hermione, and his heart sank even lower. Harry was sure that, criminal or not, Ron and Hermione would want to help him now, but they were both abroad, and with Hedwig gone, he had no means of contacting them. He didn't have any Muggle money, either. There was a little wizard gold in the money bag at the bottom of his trunk, but the rest of the fortune his parents had left him was stored in a vault at Gringotts Wizarding Bank in London. He'd never be able to drag his trunk all the way to London. Unless†¦ He looked down at his wand, which he was still clutching in his hand. If he was already expelled (his heart was. now thumping painfully fast), a bit more magic couldn't hurt. He had the Invisibility Cloak he had inherited from his father — what if he bewitched the trunk to make it feather-light, tied it to his broomstick, covered himself in the cloak, and flew to London? Then he could get the rest of his money out of his vault and†¦begin his life as an outcast. It was a horrible prospect, but he couldn't sit on this wall forever, or he'd find himself trying to explain to Muggle police why he was out in the dead of night with a trunk full of spell books and a broomstick. Harry opened his trunk again and pushed the contents aside, looking for the Invisibility Cloak — but before he had found it, he straightened up suddenly, looking around him once more. A funny prickling on the back of his neck had made Harry feel he was being watched, but the street appeared to be deserted, and no lights shone from any of the large square houses. He bent over his trunk again, but almost immediately stood up once more, his hand clenched on his wand. He had sensed rather than heard it: someone or something was standing in the narrow gap between the garage and the fence behind him. Harry squinted at the black alleyway. If only it would move, then he'd know whether it was just a stray cat or — something else. â€Å"Lumos,† Harry muttered, and a light appeared at the end of his wand, almost dazzling him. He held it high over his head, and the pebble-dashed walls of number two suddenly sparkled; the garage door gleamed, and between them Harry saw, quite distinctly, the hulking outline of something very big, with wide, gleaming eyes. Harry stepped backward. His legs hit his trunk and he tripped. His wand flew out of his hand as he flung out an arm to break his fall, and he landed, hard, in the gutter. There was a deafening BANG, and Harry threw up his hands to shield his eyes against a sudden blinding light†¦ With a yell, he rolled back onto the pavement, just in time. A second later, a gigantic pair of wheels and headlights screeched to a halt exactly where Harry had just been lying. They belonged, as Harry saw when he raised his head, to a triple-decker, violently purple bus, which had appeared out of thin air. Gold lettering over the windshield spelled The Knight Bus. For a split second, Harry wondered if he had been knocked silly by his fall. Then a conductor in a purple uniform leapt out of the bus and began to speak loudly to the night. â€Å"Welcome to the Knight Bus, emergency transport for the stranded witch or wizard. just stick out your wand hand, step on board, and we can take you anywhere you want to go. My name is Stan Shunpike, and I will be your conductor this eve–â€Å" The conductor stopped abruptly. He had just caught sight of Harry, who was still sitting on the ground. Harry snatched up his wand again and scrambled to his feet. Close up, he saw that Stan Shunpike was only a few years older than he was, eighteen or nineteen at most, with large, protruding ears and quite a few pimples. â€Å"What were you doin' down there?† said Stan, dropping his professional manner. â€Å"Fell over,† said Harry. â€Å"‘Choo fall over for?† sniggered Stan. â€Å"I didn't do it on purpose,† said Harry, annoyed. One of the knees in his jeans was torn, and the hand he had thrown out to break his fall was bleeding. He suddenly remembered why he had fallen over and turned around quickly to stare at the alleyway between the garage and fence. The Knight Bus's headlamps were flooding it with light, and it was empty. â€Å"‘Choo lookin' at?† said Stan. â€Å"There was a big black thing,† said Harry, pointing uncertainly into the gap. â€Å"Like a dog†¦but massive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked around at Stan, whose mouth was slightly open. With a feeling of unease, Harry saw Stan's eyes move to the scar on Harry's forehead. â€Å"Woss that on your ‘ead?† said Stan abruptly. â€Å"Nothing,† said Harry quickly, flattening his hair over his scar. If the Ministry of Magic was looking for him, he didn't want to make it too easy for them. â€Å"Woss your name?† Stan persisted. â€Å"Neville Longbottom,† said Harry, saying the first name that came into his head. â€Å"So — so this bus,† he went on quickly, hoping to distract Stan, â€Å"did you say it goes anywhere?† â€Å"Yep,† said Stan proudly, â€Å"anywhere you like, ‘long it's on land. Can't do nuffink underwater. â€Å"Ere,† he said, looking suspicious again, â€Å"you did flag us down, dincha? Stuck out your wand ‘and, dincha?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry quickly. â€Å"Listen, how much would it be to get to London?† â€Å"Eleven Sickles,† said Stan, â€Å"but for firteen you get ‘ot chocolate, and for fifteen you get an ‘ot-water bottle an' a toofbrush in the color of your choice.† Harry rummaged once more in his trunk, extracted his money bag, and shoved some gold into Stan's hand. He and Stan then lifted his trunk, with Hedwig's cage balanced on top, up the steps of the bus. There were no seats; instead, half a dozen brass bedsteads stood beside the curtained windows. Candles were burning in brackets beside each bed, illuminating the wood-paneled walls. A tiny wizard in a nightcap at the rear of the bus muttered, â€Å"Not now, thanks, I'm pickling some slugs† and rolled over in his sleep. â€Å"You ‘ave this one,† Stan whispered, shoving Harry's trunk under the bed right behind the driver, who was sitting in an armchair in front of the steering wheel. â€Å"This is our driver, Ernie Prang. This is Neville Longbottom, Ern.† Ernie Prang, an elderly wizard wearing very thick glasses, nodded to Harry, who nervously flattened his bangs again and sat down on his bed. â€Å"Take ‘er away, Ern,† said Stan, sitting down in the armchair next to Ernie's. There was another tremendous BANG, and the next moment Harry found himself flat on his bed, thrown backward by the speed of the Knight Bus. Pulling himself up, Harry stared out of the dark window and saw that they were now bowling along a completely different street. Stan was watching Harry's stunned face with great enjoyment. â€Å"This is where we was before you flagged us down,† he said. â€Å"Where are we, Ern? Somewhere in Wales?† â€Å"Ar,† said Ernie. â€Å"How come the Muggles don't hear the bus?† said Harry. â€Å"Them!† said Stan contemptuously. â€Å"Don' listen properly, do they? Don' look properly either. Never notice nuffink, they don'.† â€Å"Best go wake up Madam Marsh, Stan,† said Ern. â€Å"We'll be in Abergavenny in a minute.† Stan passed Harry's bed and disappeared up a narrow wooden staircase. Harry was still looking out of the window, feeling increasingly nervous. Ernie didn't seem to have mastered the use of a steering wheel. The Knight Bus kept mounting the pavement, but it didn't hit anything; lines of lampposts, mailboxes, and trash cans jumped out of its way as it approached and back into position once it had passed. Stan came back downstairs, followed by a faintly green witch wrapped in a traveling cloak. â€Å"‘Ere you go, Madam Marsh,† said Stan happily as Ern stamped on the brake and the beds slid a foot or so toward the front of the bus. Madam Marsh clamped a handkerchief to her mouth and tottered down the steps. Stan threw her bag out after her and rammed the doors shut; there was another loud BANG, and they were thundering down a narrow country lane, trees leaping out of the way. Harry wouldn't have been able to sleep even if he had been traveling on a bus that didn't keep banging loudly and jumping a hundred miles at a time. His stomach churned as he fell back to wondering what was going to happen to him, and whether the Dursleys had managed to get Aunt Marge off the ceiling yet. Stan had unfurled a copy of the Daily Prophet and was now reading with his tongue between his teeth. A large photograph of a sunken-faced man with long, matted hair blinked slowly at Harry from the front page. He looked strangely familiar. â€Å"That man!† Harry said, forgetting his troubles for a moment. â€Å"He was on the Muggle news!† Stanley turned to the front page and chuckled. â€Å"Sirius Black,† he said, nodding. â€Å"‘Course ‘e was on the Muggle news, Neville. Where you been?† He gave a superior sort of chuckle at the blank look on Harry's face, removed the front page, and handed it to Harry. â€Å"You oughta read the papers more, Neville.† Harry held the paper up to the candlelight and read: BLACK STILL AT LARGE Sirius Black, possibly the most infamous prisoner ever to be held in Azkaban fortress, is still eluding capture, the Ministry of Magic confirmed today. â€Å"We are doing all we can to recapture Black,† said the Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge, this morning, â€Å"and we beg the magical community to remain calm.† Fudge has been criticized by some members of the International Federation of Warlocks for informing the Muggle Prime Minister of the crisis. â€Å"Well, really, I had to, don't you know,† said an irritable Fudge. â€Å"Black is mad. He's a danger to anyone who crosses him, magic or Muggle. I have the Prime Minister's assurance that he will not breathe a word of Black's true identity to anyone. And let's face it — who'd believe him if he did?† While Muggles have been told that Black is carrying a gun (a kind of metal wand that Muggles use to kill each other), the magical community lives in fear of a massacre like that of twelve years ago, when Black murdered thirteen people with a single curse. Harry looked into the shadowed eyes of Sirius Black, the only part of the sunken face that seemed alive. Harry had never met a vampire, but he had seen pictures of them in his Defense Against the Dark Arts classes, and Black, with his waxy white skin, looked just like one. â€Å"Scary-lookin' fing, inee?† said Stan, who had been watching Harry read. â€Å"He murdered thirteen people?† said Harry, handing the page back to Stan, â€Å"with one curse?† â€Å"Yep,† said Stan, â€Å"in front of witnesses an' all. Broad daylight. Big trouble it caused, dinnit, Ern?† â€Å"Ar,† said Ern darkly. Stan swiveled in his armchair, his hands on the back, the better to look at Harry. â€Å"Black woz a big supporter of You-Know-‘Oo,† he said. â€Å"What, Voldemort?† said Harry, without thinking. Even Stan's pimples went white; Ern jerked the steering wheel so hard that a whole farmhouse had to jump aside to avoid the bus. â€Å"You outta your tree?† yelped Stan. â€Å"‘Choo say ‘is name for?† â€Å"Sorry,† said Harry hastily. â€Å"Sorry, I — I forgot –â€Å" â€Å"Forgot!† said Stan weakly. â€Å"Blimey, my ‘eart's goin' that fast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"So — so Black was a supporter of You-Know-Who?† Harry prompted apologetically. â€Å"Yeah,† said Stan, still rubbing his chest. â€Å"Yeah, that's right. Very close to You-Know-‘Oo, they say†¦anyway, when little ‘Arry Potter got the better of You-Know-‘Oo† — Harry nervously flattened his bangs down again — â€Å"all You-Know-‘Oo's supporters was tracked down, wasn't they, Ern? Most of 'em knew it was all over, wiv You-Know-‘Oo gone, and they came quiet. But not Sirius Black. I ‘eard he thought ‘e'd be second-in-command once You-Know-‘Oo ‘ad taken over. â€Å"Anyway, they cornered Black in the middle of a street full of Muggles an' Black took out ‘is wand and ‘e blasted ‘alf the street apart, an' a wizard got it, an' so did a dozen Muggles what got in the way. ‘Orrible, eh? An' you know what Black did then?† Stan continued in a dramatic whisper. â€Å"What?† said Harry. â€Å"Laughed,† said Stan. â€Å"Jus' stood there an' laughed. An' when reinforcements from the Ministry of Magic got there, ‘e went wiv em quiet as anyfink, still laughing ‘is ‘ead off. ‘Cos ‘e's mad, inee, Ern? Inee mad?† â€Å"If he weren't when he went to Azkaban, he will be now,† said Ern in his slow voice. â€Å"I'd blow meself up before I set foot in that place. Serves him right, mind you†¦after what he did†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They ‘ad a job coverin' it up, din' they, Ern?† Stan said. â€Å"‘Ole street blown up an' all them Muggles dead. What was it they said ‘ad ‘appened, Ern?† â€Å"Gas explosion,† grunted Ernie. â€Å"An' now ‘e's out,† said Stan, examining the newspaper picture of Black's gaunt face again. â€Å"Never been a breakout from Azkaban before, ‘as there, Ern? Beats me ‘ow ‘e did it. Frightenin', eh? Mind, I don't fancy ‘is chances against them Azkaban guards, eh, Ern?† Ernie suddenly shivered. â€Å"Talk about summat else, Stan, there's a good lad. Them Azkaban guards give me the collywobbles.† Stan put the paper away reluctantly, and Harry leaned against the window of the Knight Bus, feeling worse than ever. He couldn't help imagining what Stan might be telling his passengers in a few nights' time. â€Å"‘Ear about that ‘Arry Potter? Blew up ‘is aunt! We ‘ad ‘im ‘ere on the Knight Bus, di'n't we, Ern? ‘E was tryin' to run for it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He, Harry, had broken wizard law just like Sirius Black. Was inflating Aunt Marge bad enough to land him in Azkaban? Harry didn't know anything about the wizard prison, though everyone he'd ever heard speak of it did so in the same fearful tone. Hagrid, the Hogwarts gamekeeper, had spent two months there only last year. Harry wouldn't soon forget the look of terror on Hagrid's face when he had been told where he was going, and Hagrid was one of the bravest people Harry knew. The Knight Bus rolled through the darkness, scattering bushes and wastebaskets, telephone booths and trees, and Harry lay, restless and miserable, on his feather bed. After a while, Stan remembered that Harry had paid for hot chocolate, but poured it all over Harry's pillow when the bus moved abruptly from Anglesea to Aberdeen. One by one, wizards and witches in dressing gowns and slippers descended from the upper floors to leave the bus. They all looked very pleased to go. Finally, Harry was the only passenger left. â€Å"Right then, Neville,† said Stan, clapping his hands, â€Å"whereabouts in London?† â€Å"Diagon Alley,† said Harry. â€Å"Righto,† said Stan. â€Å"‘Old tight, then.† BANG. They were thundering along Charing Cross Road. Harry sat up and watched buildings and benches squeezing themselves out of the Knight Bus's way. The sky was getting a little lighter. He would lie low for a couple of hours, go to Gringotts the moment it opened, then set off — where, he didn't know. Ern slammed on the brakes and the Knight Bus skidded to a halt in front of a small and shabby-looking pub, the Leaky Cauldron, behind which lay the magical entrance to Diagon Alley. â€Å"Thanks,† Harry said to Ern. He jumped down the steps and helped Stan lower his trunk and Hedwig's cage onto the pavement. â€Å"Well,† said Harry. â€Å"‘Bye then!† But Stan wasn't paying attention. Still standing in the doorway to the bus) he was goggling at the shadowy entrance to the Leaky Cauldron. â€Å"There you are, Harry,† said a voice. Before Harry could turn, he felt a hand on his shoulder. At the same time, Stan shouted, â€Å"Blimey! Ern, come ‘ere! Come ‘ere!† Harry looked up at the owner of the hand on his shoulder and felt a bucketful of ice cascade into his stomach — he had walked right into Cornelius Fudge, the Minister of Magic himself. Stan leapt onto the pavement beside them. â€Å"What didja call Neville, Minister?† he said excitedly. Fudge, a portly little man in a long, pinstriped cloak, looked cold and exhausted. â€Å"Neville?† he repeated, frowning. â€Å"This is Harry Potter.† â€Å"I knew it!† Stan shouted gleefully. â€Å"Ern! Ern! Guess ‘oo Neville is, Ern! ‘E's ‘Arry Potter! I can see ‘is scar!† â€Å"Yes,† said Fudge testily, â€Å"well, I'm very glad the Knight Bus picked Harry up, but he and I need to step inside the Leaky Cauldron now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fudge increased the pressure on Harry's shoulder, and Harry found himself being steered inside the pub. A stooping figure bearing a lantern appeared through the door behind the bar. It was Tom, the wizened, toothless landlord. â€Å"You've got him, Minister!† said Tom. â€Å"Will you be wanting anything? Beer? Brandy?† â€Å"Perhaps a pot of tea,† said Fudge, who still hadn't let go of Harry. There was a loud scraping and puffing from behind them, and Stan and Ern appeared, carrying Harry's trunk and Hedwig's cage and looking around excitedly. â€Å"‘Ow come you di'n't tell us ‘oo you are, eh, Neville?† said Stan, beaming at Harry, while Ernie's owlish face peered interestedly over Stan's shoulder. â€Å"And a private parlor, please, Tom,† said Fudge pointedly. â€Å"‘Bye,† Harry said miserably to Stan and Ern as Tom beckoned Fudge toward the passage that led from the bar. â€Å"‘Bye, Neville!† called Stan. Fudge marched Harry along the narrow passage after Tom's lantern, and then into a small parlor. Tom clicked his fingers, a fire burst into life in the grate, and he bowed himself out of the room. â€Å"Sit down, Harry,† said Fudge, indicating a chair by the fire. Harry sat down, feeling goose bumps rising up his arms despite the glow of the fire. Fudge took off his pinstriped cloak and tossed it aside, then hitched up the trousers of his bottle-green suit and sat down opposite Harry. â€Å"I am Cornelius Fudge, Harry. The Minister of Magic.† Harry already knew this, of course; he had seen Fudge once before, but as he had been wearing his father's Invisibility Cloak at the time, Fudge wasn't to know that. Tom the innkeeper reappeared, wearing an apron over his nightshirt and bearing a tray of tea and crumpets. He placed the tray on a table between Fudge and Harry and left the parlor, closing the door behind him. â€Å"Well, Harry,† said Fudge, pouring out tea, â€Å"you've had us all in a right flap, I don't mind telling you. Running away from your aunt and uncle's house like that! I'd started to think†¦but you're safe, and that's what matters.† Fudge buttered himself a crumpet and pushed the plate toward Harry. â€Å"Eat, Harry, you look dead on your feet. Now then†¦You will be pleased to hear that we have dealt with the unfortunate blowing-up of Miss Marjorie Dursley. Two members of the Accidental Magic Reversal Department were dispatched to Privet Drive a few hours ago. Miss Dursley has been punctured and her memory has been modified. She has no recollection of the incident at all. So that's that, and no harm done.† Fudge smiled at Harry over the rim of his teacup, rather like an uncle surveying a favorite nephew. Harry, who couldn't believe his ears, opened his mouth to speak, couldn't think of anything to say, and closed it again. â€Å"Ah, you're worrying about the reaction of your aunt and uncle?† said Fudge. â€Å"Well, I won't deny that they are extremely angry, Harry, but they are prepared to take you back next summer as long as you stay at Hogwarts for the Christmas and Easter holidays.† Harry unstuck his throat. â€Å"I always stay at Hogwarts for the Christmas and Easter holidays,† he said, â€Å"and I don't ever want to go back to Privet Drive.† â€Å"Now, now, I'm sure you'll feel differently once you've calmed down,† said Fudge in a worried tone. â€Å"They are your family, after all, and I'm sure you are fond of each other — er — very deep down.† It didn't occur to Harry to put Fudge right. He was still waiting to hear what was going to happen to him now. â€Å"So all that remains,† said Fudge, now buttering himself a second crumpet, â€Å"is to decide where you're going to spend the last two weeks of your vacation. I suggest you take a room here at the Leaky Cauldron and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hang on,† blurted Harry. â€Å"What about my punishment?† Fudge blinked. â€Å"Punishment?† â€Å"I broke the law!† Harry said. â€Å"The Decree for the Restriction of Underage Wizardry!† â€Å"Oh, my dear boy, we're not going to punish you for a little thing like that!† cried Fudge, waving his crumpet impatiently. â€Å"It was an accident! We don't send people to Azkaban just for blowing up their aunts!† But this didn't tally at all with Harry's past dealings with the Ministry of Magic. â€Å"Last year, I got an official warning just because a house-elf smashed a pudding in my uncle's house!† he told Fudge, frowning. â€Å"The Ministry of Magic said I'd be expelled from Hogwarts if there was any more magic there!† Unless Harry's eyes were deceiving him, Fudge was suddenly looking awkward. â€Å"Circumstances change, Harry†¦We have to take into account†¦in the present climate†¦Surely you don't want to be expelled?† â€Å"Of course I don't,† said Harry. â€Å"Well then, what's all the fuss about?† laughed Fudge. â€Å"Now, have a crumpet, Harry, while I go and see if Tom's got a room for you.† Fudge strode out of the parlor and Harry stared after him. There was something extremely odd going on. Why had Fudge been waiting for him at the Leaky Cauldron, if not to punish him for what he'd done? And now Harry came to think of it, surely it wasn't usual for the Minister of Magic himself to get involved in matters of underage magic? Fudge came back, accompanied by Tom the innkeeper. â€Å"Room eleven's free, Harry,† said Fudge. â€Å"I think you'll be very comfortable. just one thing, and I'm sure you'll understand†¦I don't want you wandering off into Muggle London, all right? Keep to Diagon Alley. And you're to be back here before dark each night. Sure you'll understand. Tom will be keeping an eye on you for me.† â€Å"Okay,† said Harry slowly, â€Å"but why?† â€Å"Don't want to lose you again, do we?† said Fudge with a hearty laugh. â€Å"No, no†¦best we know where you are†¦I mean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fudge cleared his throat loudly and picked up his pinstriped cloak. â€Å"Well, I'll be off, plenty to do, you know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Have you had any luck with Black yet?† Harry asked. Fudge's finger slipped on the silver fastenings of his cloak. â€Å"What's that? Oh, you've heard – well, no, not yet, but it's only a matter of time. The Azkaban guards have never yet failed†¦and they are angrier than I've ever seen them.† Fudge shuddered slightly. â€Å"So, I'll say good-bye.† He held out his hand and Harry, shaking it, had a sudden idea. â€Å"Er — Minister? Can I ask you something?† â€Å"Certainly,† said Fudge with a smile. â€Å"Well, third years at Hogwarts are allowed to visit Hogsmeade, but my aunt and uncle didn't sign the permission form. D'you think you could –?† Fudge was looking uncomfortable. â€Å"Ah,† he said. â€Å"No, no, I'm very sorry, Harry, but as I'm not your parent or guardian –â€Å" â€Å"But you're the Minister of Magic,† said Harry eagerly. â€Å"If you gave me permission†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, I'm sorry, Harry, but rules are rules,† said Fudge flatly. â€Å"Perhaps you'll be able to visit Hogsmeade next year. In fact, I think it's best if you don't†¦yes†¦well, I'll be off. Enjoy your stay, Harry.† And with a last smile and shake of Harry's hand, Fudge left the room. Tom now moved forward, beaming at Harry. â€Å"If you'll follow me, Mr. Potter,† he said, â€Å"I've already taken your things up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harry followed Tom up a handsome wooden staircase to a door with a brass number eleven on it, which Tom unlocked and opened for him. Inside was a very comfortable-looking bed, some highly polished oak furniture, a cheerfully crackling fire and, perched on top of the wardrobe — â€Å"Hedwig!† Harry gasped. The snowy owl clicked her beak and fluttered down onto Harry's arm. â€Å"Very smart owl you've got there,† chuckled Tom. â€Å"Arrived about five minutes after you did. If there's anything you need, Mr. Potter, don't hesitate to ask.† He gave another bow and left. Harry sat on his bed for a long time, absentmindedly stroking Hedwig. The sky outside the window was changing rapidly from deep, velvety blue to cold, steely gray and then, slowly, to pink shot with gold. Harry could hardly believe that he'd left Privet Drive only a few hours ago, that he wasn't expelled, and that he was now facing two completely Dursley-free weeks. â€Å"It's been a very weird night, Hedwig,† he yawned. And without even removing his glasses, he slumped back onto his pillows and fell asleep.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Red Cabbage Juice Makes an Egg White Turn Green

Red cabbage juice contains a natural pH indicator that changes color from purple to green under basic (alkaline) conditions. You can use this reaction to make a fried green egg. This a great chemistry project for St. Patricks Day (March 17th) or to make green eggs and ham for Dr. Seusss birthday (March 2nd). Or, you can just make green eggs to gross out your family. Its all good. Green Egg Materials You only need two basic ingredients for this easy food science project: eggred (purple) cabbage Prepare the Red Cabbage pH Indicator There are several ways you can prepare red cabbage juice for use as a pH indicator. Heres what I did: Coarsely chop about a half cup of red cabbage.Microwave the cabbage until it is soft. This took me about 4 minutes.Allow the cabbage to cool. You may wish to set it in a refrigerator to speed things up.Wrap the cabbage in a coffee filter or paper towel and squeeze the cabbage. Collect the juice in a cup.You can refrigerate or freeze leftover juice for later experiments. Fry a Green Egg Spray a pan with cooking spray. Heat the pan over medium-high heat.Crack an egg and separate the egg white from the yolk. Set the yolk aside.In a small bowl, mix the egg white with a small amount of red cabbage juice. Did you see the color change? If you mix the egg white and red cabbage juice thoroughly then the white of the fried egg will be uniformly green. If you only lightly mix the ingredients you will end up with a green egg that has white splotches. Yummy!Add the egg white mixture to the hot pan. Set the egg yolk in the middle of the egg. Fry it and eat it like you would any other egg. Note the cabbage does flavor the egg. Its not necessarily bad, just not what you expect eggs to taste like. How It Works The pigments in red cabbage are called anthocyanins. Anthocyanins change color in response to changes in acidity or pH. Red cabbage juice is purplish-red under acidic conditions, but changes to a blue-green color under alkaline conditions. Egg whites are alkaline (pH ~9) so when you mix the red cabbage juice into the egg white the pigment changes color. The pH does not change as the egg is cooked so the color is stable. Its also edible, so you can eat the fried green egg! Easy Blue Eggs Green isnt the only color you can get using edible pH indicators. Another option is to use butterfly pea flowers. Steeping the flowers in boiling water produces a deep, vivid blue that is safe to add to any food or drink. While red cabbage juice has a distinctive (some would say unpleasant) flavor, butterfly pea does not have a flavor. You can get a red cabbage at pretty much any grocery store, but youll probably have to go online to find butterfly pea flowers or tea. It is inexpensive and it lasts practically forever. To make blue eggs, simply prepare butterfly pea tea in advance. Mix in a few drops of the tea with the egg white to achieve the desired color. Cook the egg. You can drink or freeze any leftover tea. Butterfly pea flower, like red cabbage juice, contains anthocyanins. The color change is different though. Butterfly pea is blue under neutral to alkaline conditions. It turns purple in very dilute acid and hot pink when more acid is added. More Color Change Food Experiment with other edible pH indicators. Examples of foods that change color in response to pH include beets, blueberries, cherries, grape juice, radishes, and onion. You can choose an ingredient that complements the flavor of the food in just about any color you desire. In most cases, prepare a pH indicator by soaking finely minced plant matter in boiling water until the color is extracted. Pour off the liquid for later use. A handy way to save the liquid for later is to pour it into an ice cube tray and freeze it. For fruits and flowers, consider preparing a simple syrup. Mash or macerate the produce and heat it with sugar solution until it boils. The syrup may be used as-is or mixed in as an ingredient in recipes.